Diabetes is a major global health concern. Today about 200 million people suffer from diabetes, compared to 35 million in 1985. By 2030, this number is expected to reach 370 million (World Health Organisation).
Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone that “unlocks” the cells of the body, allowing glucose to enter and fuel them. People with diabetes have too much glucose in their blood due to inadequate or ineffective insulin. The cause of diabetes continues to be a mystery, although both genetics and environmental factors such as obesity and lack of exercise appear to play a role.
There are 3 main types of diabetes:
- Type 1 (previously known as insulin dependent diabetes) results from the body’s failure to produce insulin. About 10% of diabetics are Type 1.
- Type 2 (previously known as non-insulin dependent diabetes) results from insulin resistance (a condition in which the body fails to properly use insulin), combined with relative insulin deficiency. About 90% of diabetics are Type 2.
- Gestational diabetes, which affects only pregnant women.
A related condition, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), occurs when the level of glucose in the blood is higher than normal but not in the diabetic range. People with IGT are at a greater risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future.
If not treated, diabetes can lead to serious complications but, with careful diabetes management, people with diabetes can expect to live active, independent lives. Managing diabetes means keeping blood glucose levels in the target range, controlling blood lipids, and monitoring blood pressure to reduce the risk of complications. At the same time, people with diabetes are strongly advised to adopt a healthier lifestyle – with regular exercise, a balanced diet, less stress, and no smoking.
Learn more about Nestlé Nutrition products for diabetes.